Uburwayi bwa mbere bwa mpox ku bantu bwagaragaye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) mu mwaka wa 1970. Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, uburwayi bwagiye bukura ku muvuduko wo hasi aho bwagiye bugaragara mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe ahanini muri DRC na Nijeriya. Birashoboka cyane ko bifitanye isano no kurangiza gahunda yo gutanga inkingo z'ubushita ku buryo buhoraho mu mwaka wa 1980.
Icyorezo kibasiye isi cya mpox (Ubwoko bwa II) cyatangiye mu mwaka wa 2022, ahanini gikwirakwira binyuze mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2023, habayeho ukwiyongera gukomeye k'umubare w'abarwaye mpox (Ubwoko bwa I) muri DRC. Ku itariki ya 14 Kanama 2024, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) ryatangaje ko icyorezo kibangamiye ubuzima rusange ku isi yose. By'umwihariko, DRC ni yo yagizweho n'icyo cyorezeo ariko imibare y'ibihugu byo muri Afiruka byibasiye n'icyo cyorezo na yo irakomeza kwiyongera.
Ibyago byo kuba wafatwa n'ubwo burwayi muri Noruveje ni bike.
Ni gute wandura mpox?
Ubusanzwe, umuntu yanduza undi binyuze mu guhura n'ubushita n'amatembabuzi y'umubiri. Gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu wanduye byongera ibyago byo kwandura. Ushobora no kwandura binyuze mu matembabuzi make aterwa no gukorora no kwitsamura, ariko bisaba ko uba umaze amasaha wegereye cyane umuntu urwaye.
Virusi yagaragaye mu ntangangabo nyuma y'uko umuntu wari urwaye iyo ndwara akize, ariko ntibizwi neza niba yateza ibyago byo kwanduza undi muntu. Bityo, ibyiza ni uko wakoresha agakingirizo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina ikozwe mu byumweru 12 nyuma yo gukira.
Mu bihugu byo muri Afurika aho uburwayi bukunze kugaragara, umuntu ashobora kwanduzwa iyo virusi n'imbeba.
Ushobora kumara igihe kingana gute mbere yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso?
Muri rusange, bifata hagati y'iminsi 6 na 13 uhereye igihe wanduriye kugeza igihe urwariye (igihe bifata ngo uburwayi bugaragare), ariko iki gihe kirahinduka kandi gishobora kuba kigufi cyangwa kirekire (kugeza ku minsi 21).
Ushobora kwanduza gusa ubwo burwayi abandi bantu igihe ufite ibimenyetso. Mu yandi magambo, ntushobora kwanduza abandi bantu mu gihe bifata ngo uburwayi bugaragare mbere y'uko urwara.
Mpox irangwa n'ibihe bimenyetso?
Ibimenyetso bya mpox bikunze kugaragara ni:
- ibiheri no kugira umuriro (urenze dogere serisiyusi 38)
- kubyimba no kuribwa inturugunyu
- kubarara mu muhogo
- kuribwa umutwe
- kugira umunaniro
- kubabara imikaya
Ibiheri bizamo amazi, bikameneka ubundi bikuma maze bikavaho. Inkovu zishobora kugaragara.
Muri rusange, ibiheri bitangira ku gice cy'umubiri cyahuye n'ubwandu. Ku bantu benshi banduye iyo ndwara y'icyorezo mu mwaka wa 2022, ibiheri byatangiriye ku myanya ndangagitsina maze bigana ku kibuno. Abantu benshi banduye ni bo bagaragaje ibiheri birimo amazi gusa.
Ibiheri bishobora no kuza ahandi ku mubiri nko mu isura, mu kanwa cyangwa ku ntoki. Abantu bamwe na bamwe bazana ibiheri no mu biganza no mu bwoko bw'ibirenge byabo. Rimwe na rimwe, ibiheri bishobora no kugera ku bindi bice by'umubiri. Iyo bimeze bityo, ibihero bishobora gusa nk'ubushita.
Abantu bamwe na bamwe bagira uburibwa mu buheri n'iruhande rw'aho buri, harimo n'inturugunyu.
Abana, abagore batwite n'abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacitse intege zo kurwanya indwara ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuremba kubera mpox.
Ubusanzwe, ibimenyetso bimara ibyumweru kuva kuri 2 kugera kuri 4. Ushobora kwaduza abandi bantu indwara ibimenyetso bigitangira kugaragara kugeza ibiheri bishishutse bikava ku mubiri maze hakazaho urundi ruhu rushya (bimara hafi ibyumweru 3).
Gupima, gusuzuma no kuvura
Niba warahuye n'ubwandu, ugomba kwibanda bikomeye ku bimenyetso by'uburwayi byavuzwe haruguru.
Iyo ukeka ko ushobora kuba wanduye mpox, ugomba kwirinda kwegera cyane abandi bantu maze ukagana muganga ukuvura. Ibimenyetso bishobora gusa n'iby'izindi ndwara zikunze kugaragara. Bityo, ni ngombwa ko muganga agusuzuma, akaba ari we ufata icyemezo niba ukwiye cyangwa udakwiye gupimwa. Ntushobora gupimwa kugira ngo umenye niba waranduye cyangwa utaranduye kugeza urwaye.
Abantu benshi ntibakeneye kuvurwa mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose birenze kubaha imiti ibagabanyiriza ibimenyetso, nk'igabanya umuriro cyangwa uburibwe.
Ibibazo byo kuremba kubera ubwo burwayi cyangwa kujyanwa mu bitaro ntibikunze kubaho.
Gusuzuma, gupima no kuvura ni ubuntu.
Urukingo rwa mpox
Hari urukingo ruhari rwo kurwanya mpox. Uru rukingo rushobora gutangwa mbere yo kwandura cyangwa nyuma yaho. Urukingo ruhabwa abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura mpox.
Rimwe na rimwe urukingo ruhabwa abantu bahuye n’ubwandu bwa mpox. Ibi bisuzumwa hakurikijwe imiterere ya buri kibazo. Guhabwa urukingo nyuma yo guhura na virusi ntibikubuza kurwara, ahubwo bituma ibimenyetso byoroha kurushaho. Urukingo rutuma urindwa mu buryo bwiza kurushaho iyo uruhawe nyuma y’iminsi mike wanduye, kandi birashoboka ko rwagira icyo rukora gito cyangwa ntacyo rwakora uruhawe nyuma yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso.
Gukora ingendo
Kuri ubu, abantu baragirwa inama yo kudakorera ingendo mu bihugu birimo ubwandu bwa mpox.
Umuntu wese uteganya gukora urugendo cyangwa kuguma mu karere bizwi ko karimo ubwandu bwa mpox agomba:
- kumenya uko ibintu bimeze muri rusange aho yerekeza no gukurikiza inama zatanzwe n’abayobozi bo muri ako karere
- kwirinda kwegera cyane umuntu wese wanduye
- kwirinda gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abantu benshi/bya hato na hato
- kwirinda kwegera inyamaswa zaba ari nzima cyangwa zapfuye.
- kwirinda kurya inyamaza zitatetswe neza ndetse n’inyama z’inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba (inyama z’inyamaswa zahizwe)
Buri gihe, gukaraba intoki ni byiza nk’uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kwirinda ubwandu.
Andi makuru yerekeye mpox aboneka ku rubuga rw’Ishami rishinzwe ubuzima rusange muri Noruveje.